Salat al-Hajah
Salat al-Hajah is a voluntary prayer asking Allah for help with a pressing need. It is often confused with Istikhara, but the two serve different purposes: one is about a specific need, the other about choosing between options.

A prayer for a pressing need
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Salat al-Hajah is a voluntary prayer through which a person asks Allah for help with a specific, permissible need, rather than for guidance choosing between options.
It generally follows the structure of a short voluntary prayer, followed by sincere supplication naming the need. Because it addresses a need rather than a decision, its purpose is distinct from Istikhara.
Two different prayers
For a pressing need: asking Allah's help with a specific matter, not a choice between options.
For a decision: asking Allah for guidance when unsure between two or more permissible options.
Being honest about the sources
Scholars are divided on this one.
The hadith commonly cited for Salat al-Hajah includes a narrator that many hadith scholars consider weak, and Ibn al-Jawzi and others did not consider the report reliable enough to build a fixed ritual on. Other scholars permit acting on it as a general act of supplication, noting that virtuous deeds can sometimes be supported by weaker narrations. We are noting this openly rather than presenting the practice as universally agreed, and if this matters to you, it is worth asking a scholar you trust.
Frequently asked questions
No. Salat al-Hajah asks Allah for help with a pressing need; it is not for choosing between options. Istikhara is specifically for seeking guidance on a decision between permissible alternatives.
Scholars are divided. The narration commonly cited contains a narrator considered weak by many hadith critics, so some scholars do not consider it a reliable basis for a fixed ritual, while others permit acting on it as a general act of supplication, since virtuous deeds can be supported by weaker narrations under certain conditions. This is a genuine area of scholarly difference, not a settled consensus.
It is generally understood to be for a permissible need — it should not be used to ask for anything unlawful or to bring harm to someone else.
If you are choosing between options, Istikhara fits your situation. If you have a specific need you want help with, rather than a decision to make, Salat al-Hajah is the more relevant prayer.
Have a decision instead?